provides beginning users with fundamental information. shows you how to open, close, and manipulate windows in a workspace. describes how to display and rename workspaces, place windows in specific workspaces, and use your keyboard to navigate within workspaces. describes various types of controls you'll come across while using the desktop. describes the most common menus. describes how to log out of the desktop and how to lock your display to prevent unauthorized access. describes keyboard alternatives to using your mouse. basic window skills skills, basic: window management window: basic skills This section describes how to: Select and raise a window Move a window Get help in any window Choose a help topic's hyperlink to display related information window: selecting selecting: windows window: raising raising: windows Selecting a window makes it active for input and raises it to the top of the window stack. With your mouse: Point to the window's frame and click mouse button 1. With your keyboard: Press Alt+Tab to select the next window in the stack. Repeat until the window you want is selected. Note that on some keyboards Alt is the same as Extend Char. window: moving moving windows With your mouse: Place the pointer over the window's title bar (the top of the window). Hold down mouse button 1 and drag the window to its new location by moving the mouse, then release the mouse button. With your keyboard: Press Alt+Spacebar, then M to choose Move from the Window menu. Use the arrow keys to move the window, then press Return. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to move the window faster. window: getting help in Press F1 (or the Help key if your keyboard has one). &newline;∅ hyperlink: choosing choosing: hyperlinks help topic: choosing help topic hyperlinks Help topic hyperlinks are shown as underlined text in a help window. Choose them to display related information. With your mouse: Move the pointer over the underlined phrase, then click mouse button 1. With your keyboard: Press Tab and the arrow Keys to move the highlight to the hyperlink you want to choose, then press Return. If you choose a link with a solid underline ... If you choose a link with a dashed underline ... An open-cornered box surrounding a graphic identifies the graphic as a hyperlink. Backtrack button help: returning from a hyperlink hyperlink: returning from Click mouse button 1 on the Help Viewer's Backtrack button. Or, press Control+B. mouse: basic skills mouse: clicking mouse: double-clicking mouse: dragging clicking double-clicking dragging drag and drop Press and release mouse button 1 without moving the mouse.&newline; &newline;By default, mouse button 1 is the left button. Tasks that you perform by clicking include: Selecting a window or icon, making it "active" or "selected" Choosing a button in a dialog box or a control in the Front Panel Choosing a hyperlink within a help window Choosing an item from a menu Press and release mouse button 1 twice in rapid succession. Here are some tasks you perform by double-clicking: Starting the default action for a File Manager or workspace icon Restoring a window icon (displaying the whole window again) Closing a window to remove it from the workspace -- double-click the Window menu button in the upper left corner of the window frame To move a window or drop an icon, use the press-drag-release motion. Point to the window's title bar or anywhere on the icon, press and hold mouse button 1, drag the mouse, then release the button.&newline; Tasks you perform by dragging and dropping include: Moving windows and icons on your screen Moving or copying files and directories within File Manager Dragging a slider within a scroll bar to scroll the contents of a window Printing a file by dropping its icon on the Printer control in the Front Panel Deleting a file by dropping its icon on the Trash Can control in the Front Panel Many applications also let you drag with mouse button 2. keyboard: basic navigation window: moving, using the keyboard closing: window, using the keyboard navigating: keyboard You can perform desktop tasks using your keyboard instead of your mouse. When you use your keyboard for desktop navigation, note the following: Alt key Extend char key Alt is the same as Extend char on some keyboards Return is the same as Enter on some keyboards Pressing Esc halts most interactive operations In Style Manager, the Window Behavior setting must be "Click In Window To Make Active" (this is the default value) For more information, see To Change Window Focus Behavior in the Style Manager help volume. Here's a summary of several common keyboard operations: To move the highlight to the next window: Press Alt+Tab. To move the keyboard highlight within a window: Press Tab and the arrow keys (up, down, left, and right). To close a window and remove it from the workspace Press Alt+F4. To minimize a window (turn it into an icon): Press Alt+Spacebar, then N to choose Minimize from the Window menu. To move a window: Press Alt+Spacebar, then M to choose Move from the Window menu. Press the arrow keys to move the window up, down, left, or right, then press Return. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to move the window faster. window: frame controls frame: window &newline;∅ A window's frame provides controls with which you can: Focus attention on a window, making it active for input from your mouse or keyboard. When you select a window and it becomes active, its frame changes color. Move a window. Minimize a window into an icon. Size a window. Close a window, removing it from each workspace. Display a window in other workspaces. Click the Window menu button to display the Window menu. To close a window and remove it from the desktop, double-click the Window menu button. The title bar shows the name of the application that owns the window. You can move a window by dragging its title bar. Click the minimize button to turn the window into a window icon. To restore a window from its icon, double-click on it. Click the maximize button to display the window in its largest allowable size. Return the window to its former size by clicking the maximize button again. Drag a resize border at any corner of a window to resize the window. . To Change Window Focus Behavior in the Style Manager help volume describes how to choose settings that make windows active opening: window closing: application window closing: window window: opening window: closing exiting application application: exiting application window: opening and closing Click the application's control in the Front Panel. Or: From within Application Manager, click the application's icon. From within File Manager, choose an action for a selected icon. From within a terminal emulator window, type the command to start the application. Closing an application window removes it from all workspaces. Before closing an application window, save your work. Choose Close from the application's File menu. Or, Double-click the Window menu button (in the upper right corner of the application's window). Press Alt+F4. To Start an Application in the Application Manager help volume To Execute an Action for a File or Folder in the File Manager help volume To Start Applications in a dtterm Window in the Terminal Emulator help volume window: iconify window: turning into icon icon: turning window into minimizing a window window: minimizing window: restoring restoring a window To save screen space, you can minimize windows into window icons. This keeps the windows easily available and programs running in them continue to run. Click the window's minimize button. Press Alt+Spacebar to display the Window menu. Choose Minimize: Press Down Arrow until you select Minimize, then press Return. Or, press N, the menu's mnemonic for Minimize. icon: restoring window from ∅ With your mouse, double-click the icon. With your keyboard: With keyboard focus on the icon, press Alt+Spacebar to display the window icon menu. Press Down Arrow to select Restore, then press Return. To Change Window Icon Behavior in the Style Manager help volume describes how to select an option that opens an icon box in which to collect window icons moving a window or window icon window: moving window icon, moving moving windows Point to the window's title bar or icon. Drag the window or icon to its new location. Move a window by dragging its title bar. ∅ Press Alt+Spacebar to display the Window menu. Press M, the menu's mnemonic for Move. Press the arrow keys to relocate the window or icon. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to speed up the movement of the window or icon. When you've moved the window or icon to where you want it, press Return. To cancel the move operation, press Esc. resizing a window window: resizing Place the pointer on a window's border or corner. The pointer changes to a resize arrow. Drag the border or corner. An outline appears to show you the window's size. Release the mouse button when the outline shows the window's desired size. &newline;∅ &newline;Stretch or shrink a window by dragging its border or corner. Press Alt+Spacebar to display the Window menu. Press S, the menu's mnemonic for Size. Press the arrow keys to stretch or shrink the window. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to size the window faster. When the outline shows the size you want, press Return. To cancel the resize operation, press Esc. bringing a window forward workspace: changing window order in workspace: bringing a window forward in window: bringing forward icon: bringing forward To bring a window or icon to the foreground of the workspace, click a visible part of the window's frame or anywhere on the icon. To bring a concealed window or icon to the foreground, choose Shuffle Up from the Workspace menu. To bring the bottom window or icon in a workspace forward, press Alt+Up Arrow. To place the top window in the background, press Alt+Down Arrow. To cycle through and select the windows and icons in a workspace, press Alt+Tab or Alt+Esc. To cycle through and select the windows and icons in reverse order, press Shift+Alt+Tab or Shift+Alt+Esc. copying text from windows pasting text into windows text: copying and pasting in windows window: copying and pasting text Copying and pasting eliminates the need to retype text. You can copy from and paste text into: Text fields Terminal emulator windows Text Editor windows Mailer Compose windows You can also copy text from a Mailer Message View and a Help Viewer window and paste it into Text Editor, terminal emulator, and Mailer Compose windows. Move the pointer to the start of the text to be pasted. Drag to the end of the text to be pasted, then release the mouse button, leaving the text highlighted. Place the text insertion cursor in the target location. Click mouse button 2 to paste the text. To deselect text, click in an empty area of the window that has the text selected, or press Esc. Copying Text from Help in the Desktop Help System help volume To Copy Text in the Text Editor help volume To Copy and Paste Text in the Terminal Emulator help volume Compose Edit Menu in the Mailer help volume workspaces: using organizing windows in workspaces using workspaces &newline;∅ Workspaces are like separate screens of windows. To help organize your desktop, you can place specific applications in a particular workspace and name that workspace accordingly. For example, a workspace you've named "Reports" could contain the tools you use to prepare reports, such as a spreadsheet, desktop publisher, and graphics applications. You might set up other workspaces according to your projects. placing a window in multiple workspaces window: placing in multiple workspaces workspace: placing window in Click the Window menu button to display the Window menu. Choose Occupy Workspace from the Window menu. In the Workspaces list of the Occupy Workspace dialog box, select the workspaces in which you want the window to appear. To select more than one contiguous workspace name in the list, hold down Shift while you click. To select discontiguous workspace names in the list, hold down Control while you click. Click on a selected workspace to deselect it. To place the window in every workspace, click the All Workspaces button. Click OK. &newline;∅ &newline;Select the workspaces in which you want the window to appear from the list of workspace names. To display the Window menu, press Alt+Spacebar. Press the Down Arrow key to select Occupy Workspace, then press Return. The Occupy Workspace dialog box appears. Press Tab until the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight, is in the Workspaces list. Select the workspaces in which you want the window to appear: Press Down Arrow or Up Arrow to move through the list. To select more than one workspace, press Shift+Down Arrow or Shift+Up Arrow. Press Return. displaying another workspace workspace: displaying another workspace: changing to another changing workspaces switching workspaces Click the workspace's button in the Front Panel. Switch to another workspace by choosing its Front Panel button. Press Alt+Tab until the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight, is on the Front Panel. Press the arrow keys to move the highlight to the button for the workspace you want to display. Press Return. renaming a workspace naming a workspace workspace: renaming Click the workspace whose name you want to change. That workspace is displayed. Click the workspace's Front Panel button again. The button becomes a text field. Edit the workspace's name in the text field. Once you've renamed the workspace, press Return. Press Alt+Tab until the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight, is on the Front Panel. Press the arrow keys to move the highlight to the button for the workspace you want to rename. Press Shift+F10 to display the workspace button's pop-up menu. Press the Down Arrow key to select the Rename item, then press Return. The button becomes a text field. Edit the workspace's name in the text field. Once you've renamed the workspace, press Return. keys used to navigate in workspaces moving in workspaces using keys workspace: keyboard navigation keyboard: workspace navigation &newline;&empty You can use the mouse or the keyboard to move around windows and workspaces. If you use the keyboard, note that: Alt is the same as Extend char on some keyboards. Return is the same as Enter on some keyboards. The Window Behavior setting within Style Manager must be "Click In Window To Make Active" (this is the default). For more information, see To Change Window Focus Behavior in the Style Manager help volume. Press To move to Alt+Tab Next window or window icon Shift+Alt+Tab Previous window or window icon Alt+F6 Next window belonging to an application, or between the Front Panel and a subpanel Shift+Alt+F6 Previous window belonging to an application, or between the Front Panel and a subpanel Tab Next tab group. Shift+Tab Previous tab group Down Arrow Next control in a tab group Up Arrow Previous control in a tab group F10 The window's menu bar--use the arrow keys to display menus and move among their items Shift+F10 The window's pop-up menu--use the arrow keys to move among the menu's items Alt+Spacebar The Window menu Down Arrow Next menu item Up Arrow Previous menu item Press Return or Spacebar to choose a selected item from within a menu. Press Esc to dismiss a menu. using controls in application windows controls: in application window application window controls window: using controls window: controls check box &newline;∅ Windows and dialog boxes contain controls that help you work with applications. You use controls to manipulate objects, select choices, or type information. Here's a list of the most common controls: Buttons initiate commands, start actions, or specify options and settings. Types of buttons include push buttons and radio buttons. Check boxes specify options and settings. Text fields provide an area where you can type information. Lists display a scrollable list of choices from which you can select. Sliders provide incremental selection from a range of values. choosing: button button: choosing push button: choosing Choosing a push button immediately performs the associated command or action. For example, choosing an OK button applies any changes made to a dialog box, then closes it. As a shortcut, many dialog boxes automatically give focus to the OK button so that you can quickly specify settings and then press Return to choose OK. &newline;∅ &newline;OK, Cancel, and Help are examples of push buttons. Click the button. Press Tab and the arrow keys until the button has the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight. Press Return. selecting: check box or radio button check box, selecting radio button, selecting You select a check box to specify an option or setting. You can select more than one check box in a group. You also use a radio button to specify an option or setting, but only one radio button in a group can be selected at a time. &newline;∅ Click the check box or radio button you want to select. Click a selected check box or radio button to deselect it. Press Tab and the arrow keys until the check box or radio button has the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight. Press the Spacebar. scrolling window contents window: scrolling contents of scroll bar using scroll bars using sliders sliders Windows often contain more information than you can see at one time. Use a window's scroll bar to bring the window's contents into view. &newline;&newline;Click to move up one line&newline;Click to move up one screen&newline;∅ &newline;∅ &newline;Drag the slider to move to a region of the window &newline;∅&newline;&newline;Click to move down one screen&newline;&newline;&newline;Click to move down one line Press Tab to move to the window area you want to scroll. Press the arrow keys, or Prev and Next, or Page Up and Page Down. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to scroll faster. To use a slider: Press Tab or an arrow key to move the highlight to the slider. Press Up Arrow or Down Arrow to move the slider. Hold down Control while you press an arrow key to move the slider faster. selecting: list item list item, selecting item, selecting from a list A selected list item becomes highlighted. The highlighted item is acted upon when you click a button, such as OK. Click the list item. In a multiple-selection list, hold down the Shift key while you click the items. To deselect an item, click it again. Click a button, such as OK. In some lists, double-clicking an item selects the item and chooses the default command. ∅&newline; Press Tab to move to the list. Select the list item: In a single-selection list, use the arrow keys to reach your choice. In a multiple-selection list, use the arrow keys to reach your first selection, then press Shift+Up Arrow or Shift+Down Arrow. To deselect an item, press Spacebar. Press Tab to move to a button, such as OK or Apply, then press Return. entering text in an empty field text: entering into empty field field: entering text into Click the field to display the text insertion cursor. Type the text. In many dialog boxes, pressing Return completes the text entry and activates the default button, such as OK or Apply. &newline;&newline;A text field accepts information you type. Press Tab, Shift+Tab, or the arrow keys until you reach the text field. A blinking text insertion cursor indicates that the text field has the keyboard focus. Type the text, then press Return. . editing text in a field text: editing in a field field: editing text in selecting: text in a field Select the text in the field to edit: Characters Drag from the first character to the last character Word Double-click the word Line Triple-click the line Multiline field Quadruple-click the field To deselect text, click an empty area in the window. Type the replacement text. Press Tab, Shift+Tab, or the arrow keys until you reach the field. Use the editing keys to edit the field's contents, then type the replacement text. Editing key Function Arrow key Move the text insertion cursor Backspace Delete the character to the left of the cursor Delete or Delete char Delete the character to the right of the cursor Control+Delete or Control+Delete char &newline;Delete from the cursor to the end of the line menu: using using menus menu: pop-up menu: pull-down menu bar menu: accelerators menu: mnemonics Menus provide access to commands you use to manage windows and operate software applications. Choosing a menu item performs an associated action on the currently selected object. For example, when you select a window and choose Minimize from its Window menu, the window becomes an icon. Menu items that appear dimmed are available only under certain conditions. For example, the Window menu's Restore item is available only when the window is an icon. Menus you'll use on the desktop include: &newline;&newline; The Window menu lists items you use to control windows and window icons.&newline;&newline;This menu is displayed when you: click the Window menu button in the upper left corner of a window, click on a window icon, press Alt+Spacebar with the keyboard focus on a window or window icon. &newline;&newline;The Workspace menu lists items for managing the workspace.&newline;&newline;To display the Workspace menu, click mouse button 3 on the workspace backdrop. Note that you cannot access this menu through your keyboard. Menus that you "pull down" from an application's menu bar by clicking the menu's name or typing Alt and its mnemonic. A mnemonic is an underlined character in a menu or item name.&newline;&newline;An application's File menu is shown here.&newline; &newline; The sequence of keys listed to the right of some items is called an accelerator. Mnemonics and accelerators provide quick keyboard access to menu items. &newline;&newline; Menus that "pop up" when you click mouse button 3 (or press Shift+F10) in an application window or on a workspace object. Window menu menu: window choosing: from the Window menu displaying the Window menu Click the Window menu button to display the menu. If the window is an icon, click the icon. Click a menu item. Or, press mouse button 1 over the Window menu button or icon, drag to the item, then release the mouse button. To close the menu without choosing an item, click anywhere off the menu. Press Alt+Tab until you've placed the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight, on the window or window icon. Press Alt+Spacebar to display the Window menu. Press the key for the item's mnemonic, the underlined character in the item name. To close the menu without choosing an item, press Esc. Window menu items Use Window menu items to control a window. Restore Turns an icon back into a window &newline;Move Changes the window's location &newline;Size Changes the size of the window (inactive for icons) &newline;Minimize Turns the window into an icon &newline;Maximize Enlarges the window to its greatest allowable size &newline;Lower Moves the window to the background &newline;Occupy Workspace Use to select the workspaces in which you want the window to appear &newline;Occupy All Workspaces Displays the window in all workspaces &newline; Unoccupy Workspace Removes the window from the current workspace &newline;Close Closes the window, removing it from the workspace Workspace menu displaying the Workspace menu choosing: from the Workspace menu menu: Workspace Move the pointer over the workspace backdrop. Press mouse button 3, drag to the item, then release the mouse button. To close the menu without choosing an item, move the pointer away from the menu and click. You cannot choose a Workspace menu item through your keyboard. Use Workspace menu items to manage the workspace. Shuffle Up Brings the bottom window (in a stack of windows) forward &newline;Shuffle Down Puts the top window (in a stack of windows) in the background &newline;Refresh Repaints the display &newline;Minimize/Restore Front Panel Turns the Front Panel into an icon or restores the Front Panel from its icon &newline;Restart Workspace Manager Stops then restarts the Workspace Manager (typically used after you have customized configuration files) &newline;Log out Begins the logout process (equivalent to the Front Panel Exit control) menu: choosing items mouse: choosing menu items choosing: menu items items: choosing pop-up menu: choosing items Display the menu. Pull-down (menu bar) menu: Click the menu name Pop-up menu: Click mouse button 3 inside the application Object's pop-up menu: Click the object with mouse button 3 Click the item. Or, press the mouse button, drag to the item, then release the mouse button. To close a menu without choosing an item, move the pointer away from the menu and click. choosing: menu items choosing: menu items with keyboard menu: choosing items items: choosing keyboard: choosing menu items pop-up menu: choosing with keyboard Press Alt+Tab until you've placed the keyboard focus, as shown by the highlight, on the application window. Display the menu by holding down Alt and then pressing the key for the menu's mnemonic (the underlined character in the menu's name as shown in the menu bar). Press the key for the item's mnemonic. Or, press an arrow key to move to the item, then press Return. Press Alt+Tab until the keyboard focus is on the application window or workspace object. Press Shift+F10 to display the pop-up menu. Press the key for the item's mnemonic. Or, Press Down Arrow to move to the item, then press Return. To close a menu without choosing an item, press Esc. describes how to exit the desktop. describes how to prevent unauthorized use of your system when you are away from it and have not logged out. For information about logging in, see Login Manager Help. logging out Front Panel: Exit control Exit control current session Before logging out of the desktop, save your work. Click the Exit control in the Front Panel. &newline;∅&newline; Or, Choose Log out from the Workspace menu: Move the pointer over the workspace backdrop. Press mouse button 3 to display the Workspace menu. Drag to choose Log out, then release the mouse button. You cannot display the Workspace menu using your keyboard. As you log out of the desktop, your current session is saved. When you log back in, the desktop will appear as it did before you logged out. Applications that do not get saved as part of the current session include: Applications that you run in terminal emulator windows Non-desktop applications that do not preserve their state during logout You'll need to restart these applications when you log in. &newline;∅&newline; locking your display display: locking Front Panel: Lock control Click the Lock control in the Front Panel. &newline;∅&newline; To unlock your display, type your password. &newline;∅&newline; Click this screen icon for information about Style Manager &newline;settings that control the appearance of a locked display.